textbook: 3.25 < b3 - e2 v -b2 - e3 v ------------ ------------ 2 2 0 Sqrt[1 - v ] Sqrt[1 - v ] -I e1 -b3 + e2 v I (-e2 + b3 v) ------------ -------------- 2 2 Sqrt[1 - v ] 0 b1 Sqrt[1 - v ] b2 + e3 v -I (e3 + b2 v) ------------ -------------- 2 2 Sqrt[1 - v ] -b1 0 Sqrt[1 - v ] I (e2 - b3 v) I (e3 + b2 v) ------------- ------------- 2 2 I e1 Sqrt[1 - v ] Sqrt[1 - v ] 0 In[11]:= Simplify[Tr[fuv.fuv]] 2 2 2 2 2 2 Out[11]= -2 (b1 + b2 + b3 - e1 - e2 - e3 ) In[12]:= Simplify[Tr[fpuv.fpuv]] 2 2 2 2 2 2 Out[12]= -2 (b1 + b2 + b3 - e1 - e2 - e3 ) In[13]:= Simplify[Det[fuv]] 2 Out[13]= -(b1 e1 + b2 e2 + b3 e3) In[14]:= Simplify[Det[fpuv]] 2 Out[14]= -(b1 e1 + b2 e2 + b3 e3) In[15]:= Simplify[Det[fuv.fuv]] 4 Out[15]= (b1 e1 + b2 e2 + b3 e3) In[16]:= Simplify[Det[fpuv.fpuv]] 4 Out[16]= (b1 e1 + b2 e2 + b3 e3) Result: E^2-B^2 & E.B are invarient. Note that E=B and E perpendicular to B are characteristics of light, so transformed light will still look like light