> str(D) 'data.frame': 28175 obs. of 13 variables: $ NGA : Factor w/ 30 levels "Big Island Hawaii",..: 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 ... $ Polity : Factor w/ 398 levels "AfDurrn","AfGhazn",..: 108 108 108 108 108 108 108 108 108 108 ... $ Section : Factor w/ 1 level "Social Complexity variables": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ... $ Subsection: Factor w/ 11 levels "","Bureaucracy characteristics",..: 1 1 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 ... $ Variable : Factor w/ 95 levels "Administrative levels",..: 72 16 79 1 73 44 52 69 71 70 ... $ Value.From: Factor w/ 606 levels "0","1","10","100",..: 543 536 239 294 239 353 513 513 513 553 ... $ Value.To : num NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ... $ Date.From : Factor w/ 289 levels "","1000BCE","1000CE",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ... $ Date.To : Factor w/ 185 levels "","1000BCE","1000CE",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ... $ Fact.Type : Factor w/ 2 levels "complex","simple": 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ... $ Value.Note: Factor w/ 5 levels "disputed","list",..: 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ... $ Date.Note : Factor w/ 3 levels "","range","simple": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ... $ Comment : Factor w/ 2 levels "","The fact is uncertain": 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ... $ Value.Note...eg range, lists seems to have variable meaning $ Date.Note...e.g. range > levels(D$Subsection) [1] "" "Bureaucracy characteristics" [3] "Bureaucracy Characteristics" "Hierarchical Complexity" [5] "Information" "Law" [7] "Other" "Professions" [9] "Social Scale" "Specialized Buildings: polity owned" [11] "Specialized Buildings: Polity Owned" table(D$Subsection) Bureaucracy characteristics 675 1907 Bureaucracy Characteristics Hierarchical Complexity 5 1602 Information Law 7976 1491 Other Professions 3977 1329 Social Scale Specialized Buildings: polity owned 1618 7575 Specialized Buildings: Polity Owned 20 table(D$Variable) Administrative levels Area 424 340 Articles Bridges 383 349 Burial site Calendar 356 418 Canals Ceremonial site 344 360 Communal buildings cost 407 25 Couriers Courts 374 372 Debt and credit structures drinking water supply systems 340 299 Drinking water supply systems Editor 11 37 Enclosures Entertainment buildings 315 336 Examination system Expert 376 50 extent Fastest individual communication 125 104 Fiction food storage sites 382 369 Food storage sites Foreign coins 17 356 Formal legal code Full-time bureaucrats 414 424 General postal service Geometrical 354 298 height History 114 394 Indigenous coins irrigation systems 435 409 Irrigation systems Judges 4 379 Knowledge/information buildings Largest communication distance 410 227 Length Lists tables and classifications 356 415 markets Markets 359 11 Merit promotion Military levels 342 379 Mines or quarries Mnemonic devices 360 214 Non written records Non-phonetic writing 2 7 Non-phonetic alphabetic writing Non-phonetic writing 109 277 Nonwritten records Occupational complexity 363 58 Other Other site 59 100 Paper currency Philosophy 406 372 Philosophy_1 Phonetic alphabetic writing 3 400 Polity Population Polity territory 462 471 Population of the largest settlement Population of the largest settlement_1 457 1 Ports Postal stations 356 326 Practical literature Precious metals 410 333 Professional lawyers Professional Lawyers 2 324 Professional military officers Professional priesthood 419 409 Professional soldiers RA 443 588 Religious levels Religious literature 373 421 Roads Sacred Texts 405 400 Scientific literature Script 378 432 Settlement hierarchy Source of support 426 373 Special purpose house Special purpose sites 335 351 Specialized government buildings Store of wealth 397 339 Symbolic building Symbolic buildings 132 294 Time Time_1 364 1 Tokens Trading emporia 227 251 Utilitarian public buildings Volume 391 350 Weight Written records 361 449 Written records_1 1 table(droplevels(D$Value.From[D$Variable=="Administrative levels"])) > table(droplevels(D$Value.From[D$Variable=="Administrative levels"])) 0 1 1857-1864 1864-1893 2 3 4 5 2 43 1 1 38 69 84 91 6 7 8 9 45 24 20 6 D[D$Variable=="Administrative levels" & D$Value.From==8,] D[D$Variable=="Administrative levels" & D$Value.From=="1857-1864",] #bad values > table(droplevels(D$Value.From[D$Variable=="Calendar"])) absent inferred absent 92 27 inferred absent 900-1079 CE inferred present 1 89 present present 1080-1300 CE 203 1 suspected unknown unknown 1 4 > table(droplevels(D$Value.From[D$Variable=="Religious levels"])) 0 1 10 2 7 122 1 75 3 4 5 6 73 37 25 21 7 8 suspected unknown 9 1 2 > table(droplevels(D$Value.From[D$Variable=="Communal buildings"])) absent inferred absent inferred present present 23 3 60 318 unknown 3 > table(droplevels(D$Value.From[D$Variable=="Examination system"])) absent inferred absent inferred present present 159 151 12 48 suspected unknown unknown 1 5 > table(droplevels(D$Value.From[D$Variable=="Full-time bureaucrats"])) absent inferred absent inferred present present 82 47 53 237 unknown 5 table(droplevels(D$Value.From[D$Variable=="History"])) absent absent 900-1099 CE 108 1 inferred absent inferred present 36 55 present suspected unknown 184 1 suspected unknown 1100-1300 CE unknown 1 8 > table(droplevels(D$Value.From[D$Variable=="Indigenous coins"])) absent inferred absent inferred present present 159 66 22 183 Present 5 > table(droplevels(D$Value.From[D$Variable=="irrigation systems"])) absent inferred absent inferred present present 63 37 87 216 suspected unknown 6 > table(droplevels(D$Value.From[D$Variable=="Judges"])) absent inferred absent inferred present present 82 82 42 163 suspected unknown unknown 1 9 > table(droplevels(D$Value.From[D$Variable=="markets"])) absent inferred absent inferred present present 36 51 95 175 unknown 2 > table(droplevels(D$Value.From[D$Variable=="Knowledge/information buildings"])) absent inferred absent inferred present present 71 54 90 188 present] unknown 1 6 > table(droplevels(D$Value.From[D$Variable=="Military levels"])) 0 1 10 12 13 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 3 32 6 2 1 39 65 56 63 59 29 8 16 > table(droplevels(D$Value.From[D$Variable=="Sacred Texts"])) absent inferred absent 114 33 inferred absent 900-1079 CE inferred present 1 57 present present 1080-1300 CE 189 1 suspected unknown unknown 1 4 > table(droplevels(D$Value.From[D$Variable=="Religious literature"])) absent inferred absent 104 31 inferred absent 900-1079 CE inferred present 1 62 present present 1080-1300 CE 217 1 suspected unknown unknown 1 4 > table(droplevels(D$Value.From[D$Variable=="Script"])) absent inferred absent inferred present present 91 24 25 292 > table(droplevels(D$Value.From[D$Variable=="Specialized government buildings"])) absent inferred absent inferred present present 63 38 76 209 suspected unknown unknown 1 10 table(droplevels(D$Subsection[D$Variable=="Military levels"]))