> D=read.csv("wideM.csv",stringsAsFactors =F) > D[1,c(1,1001)] V1 year 1 John 1880 > D$V1[1] [1] "John" > D$year[1] [1] 1880 ... or for females: > D=read.csv("wideF.csv",stringsAsFactors =F) > D[1,c(1,1001)] V1 year 1 Mary 1880 > D$V1[1] [1] "Mary" > D$year[1] [1] 1880 Q1: %Df[39,100] "Mattie" ; Dm[39,100] "Homer" Q2: 1879+1=1880 the first row (no row 0) Q3: 1879+73=1952; 1879+77=1956 > which(Dm[73,]=="Tom") [1] 181 > which(Df[77,]=="Ellen") [1] 84 Q4: (3 in males and 120 in females) sum(is.na(Dlong$value)) Q5: %mL 137997, fL 137880 Q6: plot(Dlong$year[Dlong$value=="Tom"],Dlong$key[Dlong$value=="Tom"],pch=17)